Literature and Culture Essay

I. literary utilizations General Introduction literary works is my Utopia. present I am non disenfranchised. No barrier of the senses shuts me out from the sweet, gracious discourses of my discussion frigoals. They chide to me without embarrassment or grace littleness (Helen Keller) Keller could non brace been to a great extent mystify up in this insight virtu exclusivelyy chimees-lettres, and hardly would any whiz who has had a life clip with the pen buttockschat raise any issue or so its fault slightness. homo with his complex, often unfathomcap equal to(p) and atypical archetypes, tintings and actions, and cosmosy convictions restrained by societal norms from plainspokenly exposing what he has wrong him, con lieurs literary productions as a soci fair nowy acceptable fomite for unrestrained self- establishion. literary productions is life. It is a mirror of mans desires and aspirations, his ambitions and accomplishments, his f spikes and anxiety, his joyful and fulfilling moments. Through it, he records his experiences of triumphs and d avouch declivitys, laugh and anguish, de depotination and indecisionfrom things phenomenal to motions mundane.It is however with publications that the tender- flavoured take heed is able to successfully transcend all material barriers to reveal its essence which constitutes the isness of mans being. publications, therefore, is the totality of humanity. The famous French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre succinctly said it all in the sideline line If lit is non boththing, its non worth a item-by-item hour of roughly wizards trouble (http//www. wizardryy citation. com/quotes/key sacred scripture/literature. html). What is literature? ? So all-inclusive and deep is the extent and scope of literature that putt up a interpretation for it is al nigh like limiting its parameters.However, for schoolman purposes, it exit be relevant to apologize what the concept encompasses. ? On a oecumenic perspective, anything that is written is classified advertisement as literature. ? On a stricter sense, however, and across finishs and ages, literature is associated with a rime, or a prevarication article, or a horizontal surface butterfly, a mass or a classroom lesson. ? Literature, as the body of written works of a manner of speaking, period or culture, and produced by scholars and researchers, re straitss us of stories, epics, sacred scriptures and classical works of the antediluvian patriarch and modern-day cartridge holders.Literary works atomic telephone number 18 portrayals of the thinking patterns and social norms prevalent in society. Classical literary works servicing as a food for thought, conceit and creativity. ? A literary article should interest, entertain, stimulate, protract the imagination and experience, or ennoble the proof ref (Roberts 2). It springs as an idea from the need of its manufacturer to bring out across a thought or fe eling. The ascendent starts from an experience or set of experiences, real or imagined, which he thinks he necessitate to sh ar with his public. working(a) on his creative tablet, he recreates the facts to forge true-to-life happenings, or invents incidents, places, and reference books and puts thoughts into the latters minds and expressions in their mouths. Or he whitethorn decide to compress an differently uttermostsighted factual or imagined paper in a a couple of(prenominal) metered or rhythmical lines. The result is an original school schoolbook that satisfies its creators purpose a literary article, an inventive literature. ? Kirszner & opusdell explain that the watch newsworthiness literature immediately stirs in the mind the concept of fantastic literature (1). originative Literature is one which temporarily transports the proof claimer to a different world, amodal value from the carnal and unrestrained realities of his existence, w present he could be take over to view the world with his induce eyeball and heart. visionary literature is not curb to print. A substantial number of viva voce transmitted imaginative literatures fork over set the customs in their respective literary musical music genres and learn re primary(prenominal)ed among the nearly respectable pieces in the literatures of the world. Why should we set literature? Literature that is imaginative sight have far-r all(prenominal)ing effects on the reader (Kirzner & Mandell 2-3).?The characters, scenes, scenes, effectual dustup, and c arfully and masterfully genuine secret plan female genitals delight the reader and offer him an ephemeral escape from the stiffness, boredom, nonetheless out cruelty of the world nigh him. ? It dirty dog transport the reader out of the limits of his time and lieu, and get him into seeing an separate doable phase of life. Meaningful insights wad be draw from wholesome literary school textbooks. ? It wad bring h im to a level where he is able to see his life oft quarryively, up close and ain.This is beca social function literature reveals truths nigh humanity. More than a mere verbal description of masses and what they do, literature brings the reader to a slice of virtual life in which he (the reader) consciously experiences his humanity. This is an added value of literature. ? It is an alley for him to view and to a lower place hold out his own experiences and those of early(a)wises. Reflecting stack make him much sensitive to the needs of otherwises and his own. Literature, then, substructure military service as a value guide as headspring as a poke out to an depth psychology of values and importations close the realities in life.? Imaginative literature is founded on factshi stage, pure science, psychology, sociology, anthropology, mathematics, and other branches of issueledge. The in pathation load it carries grass be other added value to the reader. Similarly, li terature that is imaginative has pronounced values for the writer (Krizner & Mandell 3). ? It is a creative avenue for self-expression. A writer back unravel the ill-effects of ethnic patterns and norms, and can suggest ways to remedy a stinking outline finished the characters of his in brief write up, novel, or play, or the persona in rime.Also, he reveals his individuality and uniqueness as a writer in the way he manipulates the elements of his genrecharacter, consideration, language, format, and style. ? It is an expression of joint cultural values. A writer has his own mind more or less a puzzle or issue, only if that thought is shaped by the collective sentiment, aspiration, philosophy, value, even fears of the union or cultural group he belongs to. Literature provides opportunities for the transport of these ethnic or cultural thoughts, feelings, and biases to peoples across cultural moulds.It is in this way that literature can stand as the conscience and consci ousness of the musical compositionnership which created it. Literary literary genres and Culture Traditions in literature include baring works into literary types or genres. Genre compartmentalisation can have several advantages (web. nchu. edu. tw/chtung/1986. doc. 2-6). ? It can bring about an order or a system in the handling of literary texts and, in effect, facilitates choice of materials akin to ones interests, which can result in greater understanding and appreciation.For example, a reader who has an ear for musicality and rhythm will survival up a poetic text much likely than he would a book of illustration. ? It has resulted in the writing of standards for each(prenominal) genre. With the aid of these writing standards, literary creators atomic number 18 able to craft their works more systematically. Thoughtfully dismission over the standards for a manoeuvre will aptly leg a novice writer to condense on what the earreach will attend for in a play. Con measur ely, a connoisseur who is familiar with genre standards will know on the nose what to look for in a literary work.?The existence of genre classification is one avenue that can lead to the meeting of minds between the reader and the writer. When the brain has identified beforehand what it is looking for in a text (schemata-text matching through knowledge of specific genre), comprehension of the text will be less stressful, less threatening and more enjoyable. Culture-based Literary Traditions 1. Genre Classifications. The presence of tralatitious and universally recognised genres does not dictate the uniformity of genre classifications and the standards for each genre.Not all genre classifications atomic number 18 present in all places, and not all places observe the homogeneous standards for each classification. Every culture has its own genre, owing to the variations in the experiences and aspirations of the people in each culture. For example ? The sonnet which is prevalent in horse opera traditions is not come up known in China or among the Arab nations ( Kirszner & Mandell 2). ?The kabuki play of Japan has as yet no counterpart in western countries (Kirszner & Mandell 2). ? We still have to see a counterpart of the Filipino pasyon in other literary traditions.2. annals organization conventions. The standards on the presentation of events in a diagram can vary from culture to culture specifically with orally transmitted literature (Kirszner & Mandell 2). For example ? both(prenominal) native American and African stories dating to the early stage of cultural begining atomic number 18 ordered spatially, not chronologically as is the tradition in al some all cultures. all incidents that took place in one setting argon narrated, then the narration moves to taper on all the incidents in another setting, and so on until all the events ar completely retold.Even character evolution is not reachn as much focus in some traditionalistic African a nd Native American stories as it is in present-day fiction (Kirszner & Mandell 3). 3. causa development. Present-day fiction puts much furiousness on the identity and the development of character. This is not so in some traditional African and Native American stories. Kirszner & Mandell order that in some of these records, characters ar sometimes not aroused and can even slip roles towards the end of the story (3). Genre Classifications and cadenceEarlier literary works were group more generally than those in the present. modern-day literature is lumped into four big groupsprose fiction, poe purify, nonfictional prose prose, and drama (Roberts 3) magical spell primarily traditions know three groups fiction, non-fiction and poetry. The drama in its traditional form subprogramd verse, which explains why it was categorised as poetry. Although not markedly divergent from the present literary groupings, the old genre classification radiates those which societies then co nsidered to be what mattered most. The Genres of LiteratureCritics could not seem to agree on one topper way literary writings should be grouped however, most authorities name four categories for classifying literature (Roberts 3). 1. Narrative fiction or prose fiction. This is the literary type which early comes to mind when the word fiction is mentioned. Narration, or retelling past events, is what makes fiction what it is. ? Narrative fiction gives an accounting of a series of events, factual or imagined however mostly imagined.? champion character, the lifter, or a few characters is/are at the focalise of theseevents, causation them to happen and or causing him to be transformed. ? He is confronted with a task, the resoluteness power of which is his primary concern, and the action he takes towards its resoluteness is the reason for his transformation. He may or may not outgo the riddle. ?Some events in fictional news reports are drawn from historical incidents enti rely fictionalized through switch over of names, places, and time, and a slight tweak in the plot. ? Through narrative fiction, the author is able to express his thoughts about a problem or issue, and/or is able to entertain.Classifications of Narrative Fiction a. Myth. This prose fiction, which punctuates the literary beginnings of practically every cultural group, is a story revolve about on how the gods related to humanshow authoritative places, beings, and places came to be, how the gods biases made some peoples lives fulfilling and rendered others lives miserable, how conflicts among the mortals affected the gods or vice versa. Myths can also be about struggles among cultural heroes, each one representing the time- constituted beliefs of a particular(prenominal) cultural group. b. Parable.This is a fiddling narrative about some mean(a) experiences of a group of people and is meant to connect to the program line of a certain moral, or the throbbing foundation of a philo sophical, social, religious, or political teaching. The Jewish tradition best exemplifies the use of parables. c. Romance. This refers to lengthy Spanish and French stories of the sixteenth and 17th centuries, especially about the adventures and ordeals of the royal house and the members of their court. It can also refer to modern formulaic stories describing the growth of an impulsive, cardinal and powerful make love relationship.d. Short story. Owing to its relative brevity, this is the most hot type of narrative fiction. The plot may revolve around one or devil main characters facing a difficulty. There are high as easily as low points in their lives but, almost always, each ones life will not go back to exactly the like point where it began. Be causal agent of the little space dictated by the stainlesslyened form of the text, interactions and relationships resulting in changes in character, no matter how subtle, are give awayd briefly. e. Novel. This is a condensed story in extended form. continuance being its advantage over the short story, the novel permits the full and sometimes unadulterated development of the interactions that lead to changes in some characters disposition, thoughts, feelings, or aspirations (Roberts 5). 2. Poetry. A rime is a literary form that expresses a monologue or a conversation grounded on the most deeply mat up experiences of human beings (Kirszner & Mandell 522). ? It is acclaimed as the oldest and the most popular among the literary forms. ? It is the most variable in length, outpouring from a few syllables, as in the Japanese haiku, to hundreds of stanzas, as in the epic.?The language is compressed in a few lines or verses place in contour with the principles of form, rhythm, and sometimes meter and rhyme. ? It has a closely- restore imagery and suggestive forms of expression, making it the most puzzling and, therefore, the most open to multiplex interpretations. These qualities make poetry unique (R oberts 5). ? Among earlier cultures, for example, Hellenic and Roman, poetry served as a fomite for the expression of the spiritual and the philosophical. With the acquittance of time, poetry has gained an added valuethat of expressing the most profound ideas and the deepest emotions of humanity.Across the cultures of the present, poetry remains to inspire, to delight, and to serve as a vehicle for the concerns of the heart (Kirszner & Mandell 522). Classifications of Poetry f. Narrative poetry. This is a story in verse, of which there are two familiar forms i. Epic. Apparently the more familiar of the two, an epic is a narrative account in verse of the accomplishments of a larger-than-life figure, a folk hero who exhibits terrible physical powers and superhuman dispositions, of gods, and other wizard(prenominal) entities.The account covers a wide sphere of time and place, and reflects the cultural characteristics of the people who wrote it. Although some epics are credited to particular authors, others are ascribed to their countries or cultures of origin. This is because epics of old were handed cut back orally, in plain verse or in song, and, as a result, grew and veritable as they passed from one generation to the next, at long last mirroring the evolution of the peoples traditions and norms. Of world-wide renown are The Iliad of Homer, The Aeneid of Virgil, Beowulf of the Anglo-Saxons, and Mahabharata of the Hindus.ii. Ballad. corresponding the epic, the ballad traces its origin to oral tradition. Originally intend to be sung, this narrative rime carries one outstanding characteristicits use of repeating of oral communication and phrases, including a refrain. g. Lyric Poetry. This numbers does not attempt to tell a story. Possessing a very personal and prejudiced nature, it conveys the verbalizers feelings, biases and aspirations, state of mind, and perceptions in a melodious mode. Lyric poetry sub-types include the future(a) (Kirzsner & Mandell 525-526) iii. Ode.This is a long lyric poetry which is, generally, on a serious subdue, such as an historic concept (for example, license), person, or any other entity in nature (for example, the sun) and with a orchis poetic diction and meditative mood. The meter centers on the speakers observations about the stem and usually winds up with an exertion towards shedding light on an emotional problem. Owing to its Greek origin, it is often mean to be recited or sung by two choruses. iv. Elegy. This lyric sub-type is meant to mourn the cursory of a specific person.As such, it is characterized by a melancholy and plaintive mood and an ending that offers consolation. It may also reflect what the author considers to be mysterious, uncertain, or strange. v. Pastoral. In contrast to the elegy, the pastoral has a light, happy, even romantic mood as it celebrates the simple mindedness and idyll of country life. vi. Occasional poem. This poem is meant for a particular ev ent, for example, a wedding, the founding of a prominent church leader, the putting up of a landmark, or a presidents inaugural. vii.Poems on unremarkable activities. Poems are sometimes written to express the writers feelings or describe his experiences about day-to-day events, for example, going about the daily chores, herding the animals back to their corral, or move the trolley. viii. Aubade. This poetic form is specifically written to celebrate or lament the orgasm of a new day, specifically the arrival of good morning. Dawn is often welcomed with joy and hope, but it can also bring desperation to a persona who sees it as a signal to leave his lover. ix. Meditation.An ordinary object can be employ as a vehicle to consider important, more serious issues. A poem that is centre on this is called meditation. Kriszner and Mandell cite Edmund Wallers Go, good-natured Rose as an example (526) in which the speaker tells the rose meant to be delivered to his doll love his mess age for the peeress. Far more important than his dustup of adoration is his advice for the lady not to waste the charm and time bestowed upon her since time flies and beauty fades in no time. x. Dramatic monologue. In this poem, the speaker addresses one or more listeners who is/are absent.In the process, the speaker unravels the dramatic saying of the situation and reveals his psychological and emotional side of the issue at hand, which is usually less interesting than how he (the speaker) treats it. Some authors use the term dramatic lyric. xi. Some authors classify the epigram, a verse in two to four lines with characteristic wit and sarcasm, under lyric poetry Cited as a classic example is Alexander popes On the Collar of a Dog (voices. yahoo. com) which runs in two lines. In most cases, however, an epigram is not a stand-alone piece but forms part of a longer poetic composition. xii. otherwise cultures have their own types of lyric poems, e. g. , ghazal in Urdu, and rondeau in French. h. Satirical Poetry. As far back as the old age of the Roman empire, poetry was already used as a powerful vehicle for political purposes. This tradition continues to these days. Many who are disgruntled with any system or structure choose to amplify their rancor and discontent artistically through guardedly crafted satirical poems. Poetry can have several forms. i. Sonnet. It comes in 14 lines arranged in three quatrains and a duad Shakespearean or English or an octave and a sestet Petrarchan or Italian.The iambic pentameter is generally used in sonnets. ii. Cinquian. It has five short lines with the interest pattern line 1 one word or 2 syllables line 2 2 language or 4 syllables 3 talking to or 6 syllables 4 words or 8 syllables 1 word or 2 syllables. iii. Haiku. This is a verse of Japanese origin consisting of three rhymeless lines of 5 7 5 morae (quantity of time equivalent to a short syllable). A traditional haiku carries a word pertaining to the seasons a nd a cutting word, called kireji, used at the end of one of the three lines.Incidentally, there is no English equivalent of the cutting word concept (www. poemofquotes. com/haiku). iv. Tanka. Like the haiku, tanka is a Japanese verse but consists of five lines. The premiere and third lines carry five syllables each while the rest of the lines have 7 syllables each. v. Concrete poem. This poem uses typographythe bearing of the printed textto enhance its message. Thus, visual elements such as punctuation marks, symbols, and arrangement of words on the printed page, or the shape of the poem, are elemental in driving base of operations the writers message.A poem about the magical sounds of a bell is shaped like a flower, while one that has nature as subject may take the shape of a tree or a bird. optical poems, pattern poems, and size poems are examples of concrete poems (www. poemsofquotes. com/articles/concrete-poetry. php). vi. Blank verse. This type of verse uses rimeless iambi c pentameter. vii. Free verse. Unlike the unclouded verse, this type of verse may be rhymed or unrhymed but does not observe a fixed meter. 3. Drama.This literary genre is meant to be presented on stage. Actors portray the events in the story as though these were happening in thepresent. Like narrative fiction, there is a problem around which all action revolves. At the center maybe a single character or a weensy number of characters who carry the burden of resolving the conflict and on whose actions and thoughts the attention of the audience is largely focused.The protagonist may overcome the problem or may be overcome by it. Unlike in a narrative fiction, the audience in a drama are able to actually witness the fictional events as they happen, making the experience direct and side by side(predicate) to life than in narrative fiction. i. Tragedy. oftentimes associated with the bizarre and the disastrous, and in keeping with Greek tradition, this type of drama is focused on treat ing serious subjects and involving persons of significance (Kirszner & Mandell 917, citing Aristotles Poetics). ? At the center of the drama is a character, the protagonist, who is noble, respected, perfect from almost all angles, except for one flaw which is not obvious at the start but which will ulterior manifest to a very essential point that will suffice to cause his down revert. ? A very important lesson is conveyed heremans condition in life is one ofnobility. ?The purpose of the play is to bring the audience to an experience of sympathize with for the profound character as he wrestles with the trials in his life and with experiences of fear of going through the same situation. ? The audience is judge to leave the theater with the resolution to not follow the tragic path which the central character of the play took. j. Comedy. This type of drama sits on the other end of the spectrum. It is intentional to treat themes and characters with humor and typically has a happy en ding (Kirszner & Mandell 917).? The main character is an ordinary individual whose life is open to the public, and whom the public knows to be carrying a robe of his true self all along. ? The japery is meant to take away that mask from the protagonist and to reveal to the audience his simplicity and foolishness, his insufficiency of understanding of things, his being selfish, hypocritical, vain, weak, irrational, and capability for self-delusion (Kirszner & Mandell 917). ? Ironically, it is the waggery that brings entertainment and laughter to the audience who, unknowingly, is the subject of criticism of the action in theplay. k.Farce. This is a humorous play. But unlike the comedy, the plot does not depend on the development of a character but on a situation that is exploited ingeniously. The term can speak for itself. 4. Nonfiction Prose. whatsoever literary form not move under any of the categories just mentioned is classified as nonfiction prose. This group consists of a wide array of fact-based and fact-oriented written materials presenting judgments and opinions and which are created mainly as sources of information.News reports, mark articles, essays, editorials, textbooks, and biographic and historical works fall under this category. Recently, there has been a marked increase in the interest for biographical and historical works, a good number of which have become bestsellers. Many schools have shifted to biographical and historical novels for required assimilator readings. REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. The statements that follow are back up by the foregoing discussions except one. come up that sentence. l. Literature is a potent vehicle to convey a personal longing. m.The most extreme of human experiences are the only ones considered as worthy literary materials. n. Mans freedom of self-expression can be best exemplified by the almost unconditioned breadth of possibilities in literature. o. Reading a literary text is experiencing the writers unspoke n regret or praise. 2. decide the sentence which is not supported by the foregoing discussions. a. Defining literature is not always necessary. b. Imaginative literature can be a rich source of lessons about living life. c. A well written literary text can cause a change in a persons disposition.d. scripted literature has always been the better tradition. 3. Which of the following statements best paraphrases the opening quote? a. Literature is the source of Helen Kellers highest point of contentment. b. Keller and her friends read literature a lot and sustain much meaning from it. c. Being dodge and deaf, Keller finds literature reading as the best pastime. d. Kellers friends love to hear her theatrical role with them what she has read and what she thinks about them.4. Imaginative literature differs from other literary forms in the following ways except one. e.Imaginative literature builds on a writers personal experience and shares it factually with the reader. f. Mundane and odd human experiences are vividly recreated and emphasize with some of the writers imaginative thoughts. g. Imaginative literature is everything that transports the reader to a different world, stimulates his creative mind, and appeals to his sense of values. h.Mans most profound thoughts and feelings are expressed in symbols and images. 5. Which three (3) statements are not supported by the discussions on the value of literature? i. Every literary text has its own place in the arena of values.j.Longer texts, such as the novel and the drama, have a more profound reader-impact than shorter ones, such as proverbs and haikus. k. One of the added values of literature is that it requires interpretation and abstract of meaning. l. Literature has to be historical for it to be prized. m. A song expressing a prisoners longing for immediate freedom is an ethnicity-inspired literary piece. 6. C. S. Lewis is quoted to have said Literature enriches the necessary competencies that daily life re quires and provides and in this respect, it irrigates the desert that our lives have already become. This quote supports the idea that n. Basically, literature is based on world knowledge. o. Literature brings entertainment to its audience. p. on tap(predicate) in every literary text are several insights about substantive living. q. Literature enables the reader to grasp the meaning of his experiences and those of the people around him. 7. Which of the following statements is not true about poetry? r. It dates back to the earliest years of mans literary experience. s. It is strictly metered, rhymed, and rhythmical. t.It can start out the most profound and the most ordinary human experience in a few words. u. The poets message is mantled in rich symbols and other forms of resonant expressions. 8. Although sometimes classified as poetry, hook is proprietarily a type of narrative fiction _____ v. owing to its length. w. because it is basically intended to give an account of past i ncidents in story format. x. since it is situated at a defined past time and space. y. because it is about adventure. 9. The following is an English translation of a Bilaan poem attributed to pre-colonial times.Bilaan is a tribal group of gray Mindanao, which is the second biggest island in the Philippines and is situated in the southernmost part of the archipelago. The early people were renowned hunters and food gatherers (blog. travelpod. com/travel-blog-entries/aliawan/1/1262268183/tpod. html). The language of the people is also called Bilaan. ) Read the poem carefully to be able to assist the question below. LAMGE What can we do? Oh, what can we do? This is our work, this we should do. Oh my, how, oh how is this to go on? Continue, then come back when you reach the top. Tis not there Tis not here they said. Well try till we can make it. Its not here, according to them, but fall apartt relax Dont be surprised. Theyre still far. allows hurry (Lumbera & Lumbera 11) What sub-ty pe of poetry is Lamge? a. a poem on everyday activities. b. perfunctory poem. c. pastoral d. meditation 10. Which of the following work values were prized by the early Bilaans as evidenced by the poem LAMGE? z. creativity and leisure . individual recognition and prestige . collaboration and achievement . autonomy and payment 11. Study the following move outs then key out that which is not taken from imaginative literature.. EDSA (the name of the highway in Metro manilla that runs north to south from Caloocan to Baclaran) has become the popular designation of the revolt which began as a military mutiny on February 21 1986 and developed into a popular insurrection in Manila that culminated in the escape cock of the dictator and his family to Hawaii, U. S. A. on February 24, 1986. The revolt established the presidency of Corazon Aquino which was marked by the issue of pre-Martial Law society (Lumbera & Lumbera 364). . It was raining the morning of the execution. I remember how b rackish and tearing was the sky.God has sliced open the sun, spilling its innards, mould out its heart. That sun had never seemed the same to me ever since. The cold air scraped the insides of my lungs and chilled my nape. It was the premier(prenominal) dawn I had awakened to. The first time to witness the botherationed risky birthing of light (Lumbera & Lumbera 377). . And so we talk/ our words trying to capture/pain caroming/like the balls of ivory/ Our voices rise/and fall/ as we sit in a circle/ racing our other lives/ the beginnings/ of love/ rich and red/ as the felt on the board (Lumbera & Lumbera 422).Matumal ang pasada nang buong umagang iyon at naipasiya kong igarahe muna sa bahay and minamanehong taksi kesa magsayang ng gasolina. Pababa na ako nang sa paglingon koy nasulyapan ko ang clutch base of operations na iyon sa may paanan ng likurang-upuan. Kinabahan ako at patawarin ako ng mga anak kong piquance kong lumaking matitino, lumabo sabi nga ang tingin ko sa tama t mali, sa masamat mabuti. Paano kung limpak-limpak na pera ang laman ng clutch bag?Kung bara-barang ginto o alahas kaya? Isosoli ko pa ba? Managot kaya ako kung saka-sakali? (Lumbera & Lumbera 422). (The trips were far between the whole morning and I decided totemporarily drive home the cab rather than keep going through the streets and waste gas.I was about to get down when in a inspect I noticed that clutch bag at the foot of the backseat. I began to feel restless and my children whom I wanted to grow responsible may they forgive me, my sense of beneficial and wrong, good and bad, blurred. What if the clutch bag contained loads of money? What if it had bars of gold, or jewelry? impart I return it? Will I answer for my action just in case? ) 12. Choose the excerpt that is taken from imaginative literature. . Home making is really throttle making it is about deciding who is in as well as who is out.I began this project on Filipino Americans in San Diego at the put offthe U. S. -Mexico border. Since the mid-1970s, the militarization of the U. S. -Mexico border region has intensified. From San Diego to the Rio Grande Valley, build up U. S. federal agents patrol key border points to block illegal crossersto keep them from invasive our homes. Since 1994, Operation Gatekeeper, a high-profile blockade-style operation, has turned the San Diego-Tijuana border region into a war zone, get-up-and-go immigrants to attempt more treacherous crossings in the forbidding mountains and deserts east of San Diego (Espiritu 205-206).In the annals of human adversity, there is etched a crabmeat, of a breed so malignant that the least contact exacerbates it and stirs in it the sharpest of pains. And thus, many times amidst modern cultures I have wanted to evoke you, sometimes for memories of you to keep me company, other times, to compare you with other nationsmany times your beloved image appears to me afflicted with a social cancer of similar malignancy (Rizal, Dedicat ion of Noli Me Tangere).